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Elizabeth of York

22/4/2019

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Elizabeth of York, later Duchess of Suffolk was born in Rouen in Normandy, the second daughter of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville. She was the sister of both Richard III and Edward IV.

It is commonly thought that the date of her birth was the 22nd April in 1444 however, in the Annals of William Worcester the date of her baptism is quoted as being five months later on the 22nd September, and as it has quite rightly been pointed out it is unlikely that a child would be left unbaptised for such a long period. Therefore we can assume that Elisabeth was born on the 21st September in 1444 
in France at the time when Henry VI was playing yo-yo with her father's career - the time between Henry appointing the Duke of York as Lieutenant of France and the death of John, Beaufort the Duke of Somerset in the May of that year.

Elizabeth marriage to John de la Pole was thought to have been arranged by de la Poles mother Alice, it took place three years after the first Battle of St Albans at a time that is often considered the beginning of the Wars of the Roses.

At the time of John de la Pole becoming Duke of Suffolk his family was one of the least wealthy titled families in the country - although if his marriage to Margaret Beaufort (John Beauforts daughter) had not been annulled John's life may have been a different one altogether. The fifteen-hundred pounds that Elizabeth brought to the marriage was not a patch on what Margaret would have brought, made little difference to his finances.

Although this marriage allied de la Pole to the Yorkist party he is noted as having not shown any true support for either side. However, in 1461 he had made his decision, fighting for the Yorkist at the second Battle of St Albans and at Towton.
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Elizabeth assumed the title of Duchess of Suffolk in the May of 1450 when John became Duke of Suffolk following the murder of his father William de la Pole. Elizabeth gave birth to eleven children, she would outlive eight of them. The three son who did survive their mother were Edmund, William and Richard all would suffer due to the Yorkist blood that ran through their veins.
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Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk died in 1503/4 and is buried at Wingfield Church in Suffolk, alongside her husband.
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Death of Henry VII

21/4/2019

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I remember reading many years ago that in the hours leading up to his death on the 21st April in 1509, King Henry VII was still concerned about the claim his family had to the crown of England. According to the future Henry VIII, he was instructed by his father on his death bed to fulfil the treaty between Spain and England and marry Catherine of Aragon, was this a sign Henry still considered the Tudor claim weak? According to the historian David Starkey, the claim that Henry was forced into the marriage was contradicted by two members of Henry VII’s council who insisted that the King told his son that he was “free to marry whom he chose”
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King Henry VII died at Richmond Palace of tuberculosis. Sir Thomas Wriothesley was present and wrote a detailed account and it was he who drew the picture of the King on his deathbed. We can see William Fitzwilliam holding a staff of office as he closes the King’s eyes. Only Henry's must trusted courtiers attended his death. These men were, standing clockwise around the king were: Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, George, Lord Hastings, Richard Weston, Richard Clement, Matthew Baker, John Sharpe and William Tyler and Hugh Denys.

Henry death was kept secret for two days and only announced on the day before Henry VIII was proclaimed king. Surely another sign of how weak the Tudor claim was at the very beginning.
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Like him or loathe him, Henry VII was a fascinating character, a forgotten king, eclipsed by later generations of his Tudor family.
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Birth of John Clifford

8/4/2019

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I was really surprised to discover that John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford was just twenty-six when he was killed the day before the Battle of Towton, in my mind he was an older man.
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John Clifford was born on the 8th April in 1435 to Thomas Clifford and Joan Dacre at Conisbrough Castle in Yorkshire and we hear little of him until he was eighteen when he is recorded as siding with the Percy's against the Neville's in their ongoing private wars. He is mentioned again in 1458 as arriving in London in the Percy's retinue as one of the 'yong lordes whoos fadres were sleyne at Seynt Albonys.'  Full of energy and fuelled by vengeance Clifford took up the Lancastrian cause. ​
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​On the 31st of December 1460, Clifford was knighted by the Duke of Somerset before the Battle of Wakefield. It was following this battle that he saw an opportunity to avenge his father's death by murdering the seventeen year old son of the Duke of York. For this, and his 'cruelty in battle.' John Clifford is immortalised, forever remembered as The Butcher, however, this name was only attributed to him in the 16th century in the writings of John Leyland and a century later by William Dugdale.
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​Clifford's on death came when he was struck in the throat by a headless arrow at the Battle of Ferrybridge in the March of the following year and his body, it is said, was thrown into a common burial pit.
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