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Elizabeth of York

22/4/2019

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Elizabeth of York, later Duchess of Suffolk was born in Rouen in Normandy, the second daughter of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville. She was the sister of both Richard III and Edward IV.

It is commonly thought that the date of her birth was the 22nd April in 1444 however, in the Annals of William Worcester the date of her baptism is quoted as being five months later on the 22nd September, and as it has quite rightly been pointed out it is unlikely that a child would be left unbaptised for such a long period. Therefore we can assume that Elisabeth was born on the 21st September in 1444 
in France at the time when Henry VI was playing yo-yo with her father's career - the time between Henry appointing the Duke of York as Lieutenant of France and the death of John, Beaufort the Duke of Somerset in the May of that year.

Elizabeth marriage to John de la Pole was thought to have been arranged by de la Poles mother Alice, it took place three years after the first Battle of St Albans at a time that is often considered the beginning of the Wars of the Roses.

At the time of John de la Pole becoming Duke of Suffolk his family was one of the least wealthy titled families in the country - although if his marriage to Margaret Beaufort (John Beauforts daughter) had not been annulled John's life may have been a different one altogether. The fifteen-hundred pounds that Elizabeth brought to the marriage was not a patch on what Margaret would have brought, made little difference to his finances.

Although this marriage allied de la Pole to the Yorkist party he is noted as having not shown any true support for either side. However, in 1461 he had made his decision, fighting for the Yorkist at the second Battle of St Albans and at Towton.
​
Elizabeth assumed the title of Duchess of Suffolk in the May of 1450 when John became Duke of Suffolk following the murder of his father William de la Pole. Elizabeth gave birth to eleven children, she would outlive eight of them. The three son who did survive their mother were Edmund, William and Richard all would suffer due to the Yorkist blood that ran through their veins.
Picture
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk died in 1503/4 and is buried at Wingfield Church in Suffolk, alongside her husband.
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Birth of John de la Pole

26/9/2017

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​On the 27th September in 1442, John de la Pole, son of William de la Pole and Alice Chaucer was born.
Picture
John, known as the Trimming Duke, for reasons I am yet to fathom, was married in the February of 1450, at the age of seven, to the six year old to Margaret Beaufort, but this marriage was annulled. This was probably due to the disgrace of his father's downfall and exile, but there was more to it that that. In 1453 Henry VI deemed that Edmund Tudor, who was twelve years her senior, would be a better husband for Margaret. Her vast inheritance, her bloodline and a need to back up the succession were contributing factors.
When John became Duke of Suffolk three months following the murder of his father, his family was one of the least wealthy titled families in the country. In 1458 he married Elizabeth, the daughter of Richard Duke of York and Cecily Neville. The fifteen-hundred pounds that she brought to the marriage made little difference to his finances, and most certainly was not a patch on what Margaret would have brought. 
Although this marriage allied de la Pole to the Yorkist party he is noted as having not shown any true support for either side. However, in 1461 he had made his decision, fighting for the Yorkist at the second Battle of St Albans and at Towton, but like others 'sat on the fence' at Bosworth and managed to survive under Henry VII rule at his home at  Winglfield in Suffolk. 

John and Elizabeth were parents to eleven children, he would outlive five of them. The three son who did survive their father were Edmund, William and Richard all would suffer due to their Yorkist blood and all would try their best to oust the Tudor king, but as you probably know they were unsuccessful.

On the 29th of April in 1450
at Wingfield John's father prepared himself for exile, in doing so ​he wrote a heartfelt and moving letter to his eight year son.  

You can read this here:


​                           meanderingthroughtime.weebly.com/wars-of-the-roses-blog/true-and-ever-loving-father




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The Marriage of Henry Tudor: One Step Nearer to a Royal Flush

14/1/2017

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The penultimate battle of the Wars of the Roses had ended with the death of Richard III at Bosworth. Henry of Richmond was England's new king, but Henry would have to fight one more major battle to rid himself of the mighty Plantagenet dynasty. One way to secure his claim to the throne of England would be to marry into his rival's family.

​On the 18th of January 1486, Henry did just that. 
Picture
Elizabeth of York, as the eldest daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, and whose two younger brothers had disappeared, would be a sparkling jewel in Henry's brand new crown. 

Was Henry's marriage to Elizabeth the consolidating event history leads us to believe, the joining of two warring families to make an united one for the benefit of a nation or was it purely for his own benefit? No, Henry was not playing happy families, he was playing poker, and marrying Elizabeth would put him one step nearer to a Royal Flush. 
Picture
Henry's marriage to Elizabeth closed one loop hole through which the Yorkist faction could reclaim the throne of England, after all, Elizabeth was considered the rightful Yorkist heir to the throne. What Henry didn't want was some noble, with Yorkist blood in his veins, marrying Elizabeth and producing a full blooded York heir.

The union of Henry Tudor to Elizabeth of York was a dynastic marriage, and Henry would not be the first or the last to use such an opportunity, but there were a few issues Henry had to deal with before the marriage could take place, one was Titulus Regius, there was also dispensations to be gained as Henry and Elizabeth were related in the double fourth degree of consanguinity, that is, they were both related to John of Gaunt.

Three dispensations would be issued in total, the first was received at the beginning of 1484, the second two days before the wedding. Henry did not wait for the third to arrive, by the 2nd March Elizabeth was already pregnant. 

The 
Tudor family tree had finally secured its roots. 



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Marriage of Henry Tudor to Elizabeth of York

23/7/2016

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Today in 1486 confirmation of the dispensation, for the marriage of Henry Tudor to Elizabeth of York was
​received six months after their marriage. ​
Picture
The union of Henry Tudor to Elizabeth of York was a dynastic marriage. Heading the list of issues Henry had to deal
with before the marriage took place was Titulus Regius, there was also dispensations to be gained as Henry and Elizabeth were related in the double fourth degree of consanguinity, that is they were both related to John of Gaunt.


Three dispensations would be issued in total, the first was received at the beginning of 1484 and the last in 1486. The conformation of the dispensation reads:

 "In the name of God, Amen. We, James, bishop of Imola, apostolic legate to England and Scotland, having heard, etc.,
the merits and circumstances of a certain matter of a dispensation to be made between the most serene prince and lord
the lord Henry, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the one part, and the most
illustrious lady, the lady Elizabeth, eldest legitimate and natural daughter of the late Edward IV, sometime king of
England, of the other part, to contract marriage and remain therein, notwithstanding that they are related in the
fourth and fourth degrees of kindred, and the said prince and lady by their proctors sufficiently and lawfully
appearing before us, and instantly requesting such dispensation to be made by us; and having found to be true all the
contents of a certain schedule of petition set forth to us on behalf of the same prince and lady, the tenour of
​which is as follows:--


It is set forth to your most reverend lordship on behalf of the most serene prince and lord the lord Henry, by the grace
of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the one part, and of the most illustrious lady, the lady Elizabeth, eldest legitimate and natural daughter of the late Edward, sometime king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the other part, that whereas the said king has by God's providence won his realm of England and is in peaceful possession thereof, and has been prayed and requested by all the lords of his realm, both spiritual and temporal, and also by the
general council of the said realm, called Parliament, to take to wife the aforesaid lady Elizabeth, he, wishing to accede
to the petitions of his subjects, desires to take the aforesaid lady to wife, but inasmuch as they are related in the fourth
and fourth degrees of kindred, he cannot fulfil such desire without obtaining canonical dispensation, wherefore petition is
made to your most reverend lordship on behalf of the said lord Henry and lady Elizabeth to grant them dispensation by
the apostolic authority which you exercise to contract marriage and remain therein, notwithstanding the said impediment,
and to decree the offspring to be born thereof legitimate, do therefore, by the apostolic authority committed to us, and
which we exercise in this behalf, grant to the said lord prince the lord Henry and lady Elizabeth, by this our sentence
or final decree, which we deliver and promulgate in these writings, dispensation to contract marriage and remain therein, notwithstanding the said impediment, and decree and declare the offspring to be born therein and thereof legitimate."


1486. 10 Kal. Aug. (23 July.) St. Peter's, Rome.
​
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Birth of Margaret Beaufort

11/5/2016

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On the 31st May 1443 Margaret Beaufort was born at Bletsoe Castle to Margaret Beauchamp and John Beaufort,
​Duke of Somerset. 
Picture
Margaret Beaufort's Funeral Effergy at Westminster Abbey by Pietro Torrigiani
In 1455, at the age of just twelve years old Margaret had married Edmund Tudor as her second husband.

Margaret was soon pregnant and gave birth to the future Henry VII a year later. The birth of Henry, while Margaret was just a child herself, did irreparable damage, and this could account for the fact that she never gave birth again. Thirty years later, Henry was aided at the Battle of Bosworth by Thomas Stanley, her fourth husband whose family famously stood and watched
the battle, deciding at the last moment to take the side of the Lancastrian's against Richard III's Yorkist forces.

Although Margaret never recognised it as a marriage she was firstly married to John de la Pole, the son of William de la
​Pole and Alice Chaucer. This marriage was later annulled.
​
Margaret's third husband was Henry, son of Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham, their marriage was said to be a happy one.
In Henry VII's court, Margaret liked to be referred to as 'My Lady the King's Mother' she intensely disliked the fact that
she was of a lower status than both Elizabeth of York, Henry's queen and her mother Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of
Edward IV. She also disliked the fact that she had to adhere to court protocol and walk behind the queen and was probably responsible for ​the banishment of Elizabeth Woodville in 1487. Henry was said to have been a devoted son, his death in
​the April of 1509 was probably the beginning of the end for Margaret as she was dead only two months later.
Margaret Beaufort is famous as much for her piety and gifts to churches and collages as she is for being domineering,
pushy and intimidating, she was a force to be reckoned with, but her achievements prove that medieval women did not
always take the back seat to men.

Love her or hate her she was a very strong and determined woman.
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