Meandering Through Time
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      • Chapter One: Monmouthshire, Wales.
      • Chapter Two: The Beaufort Patronage
      • ​Chapter Three: Out With the Old
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        • Chapter Five: Getting Personal
        • Chapter Six: ​The Children of Thomas Vaughan
        • Chapter Seven: Moving on
        • ​Chapter Eight: At Ludlow
        • Chapter Nine: The Arrest
        • Chapter Ten: Three Castles
        • Chapter Eleven: The Beginning of the End
        • Chapter Twelve: A Death Deserved ?
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King Henry I

30/11/2016

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Henry of Huntington, the 12th century English chronicler wrote that Henry I was endowed with three gifts, that of wisdom,
victory and riches, but he also writes that these were offset with three vices, avarice, cruelty and lust.
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Henry was cruel, on one occasion he sanctioned an act of vengeance, ordering the blinding of his own granddaughters when
he discovered a similar atrocity had befallen the
 son of one of his courtiers. In 1124, he had 44 thieves hanged on the same day. Henry the lustful he most certainly was, however, Henry the romantic he was not despite the stories we've heard of the Welsh beauty Nest ferch Rhys and his long-term mistress Sybil Corbit. Henry worked his way through a stream of women, from other men's wives to abbesses. He did acknowledge fifteen illegitimate children, the sons he placed in important positions and the daughters he married off to wealthy nobles, the others, another nine or so he had little or no time for. 

Henry's ability to father children goes without question, it is a puzzle then, that with his first wife Matilda, he only fathered two children in their eighteen-year marriage and he fathered none with his second wife, the very young and beautiful Adeliza of Louvain in their fifteen years of marriage.
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Henry was a good administrator, and as we have seen he was cruel and harsh, he demanded loyalty but was known to return
the latter to those who served him well, the result of which was from 1103 until his death, there were no significant uprisings during his reign.

The beginning of the end of Henry's thirty-five years on the throne of England came in the November of 1135 at a hunting
lodge at Lyons la Foret in France when death knocked on his door. According to his doctors, Henry had been well, but Henry
of Huntingdon wrote the king became ill during the night after ​
  he partook of some lampreys, of which he was fond, though they always disagreed with him; and though his physician           recommended him to abstain, the king would not submit to his salutary advice… This repast bringing on ill humours,
​and violently exciting similar symptoms, caused a sudden and extreme disturbance, under which his aged frame sunk 
into adeathly torpor
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A few days later, on the 1st December the king was dead, as was the stability of his realm.

Henry I was buried at Reading Abbey.
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The Golden Speech

29/11/2016

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On the 30th November 1601, Queen Elizabeth, at the age of sixty-eight gave what has come to be known as The
​Farewell Speech or Golden Speech to Parliament.
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Mr Speaker,

We have heard your declaration and perceive your care of our estate. I do assure you there is no prince that loves his subjects better, or whose love can countervail our love. There is no jewel, be it of never so rich a price, which I set before this jewel: I mean your love. For I do esteem it more than any treasure or riches; for that we know how to prize, but love and thanks I count invaluable. And, though God hath raised me high, yet this I count the glory of my Crown, that I have reigned with your loves. This makes me that I do not so much rejoice that God hath made me to be a Queen, as to be a Queen over so thankful a people. Therefore I have cause to wish nothing more than to content the subject and that is a duty which I owe. Neither do I desire to live longer days than I may see your prosperity and that is my only desire. And as I am that person still yet, under
God, hath delivered you and so I trust by the almighty power of God that I shall be his instrument to preserve you from every peril, dishonour, shame, tyranny and oppression, partly by means of your intended helps which we take very acceptably because it manifesteth the largeness of your good loves and loyalties unto your sovereign.
​

Of myself I must say this: I never was any greedy, scraping grasper, nor a strait fast-holding Prince, nor yet a waster. My
heart was never set on any worldly goods. What you bestow on me, I will not hoard it up, but receive it to bestow on you again. Therefore render unto them I beseech you Mr Speaker, such thanks as you imagine my heart yieldeth, but my tongue cannot express. Mr Speaker, I would wish you and the rest to stand up for I shall yet trouble you with longer speech. Mr Speaker, you give me thanks but I doubt me I have greater cause to give you thanks, than you me, and I charge you to thank them of the Lower House from me. For had I not received a knowledge from you, I might have fallen into the lapse of an error, only for
lack of true information.

Since I was Queen, yet did I never put my pen to any grant, but that upon pretext and semblance made unto me, it was both good and beneficial to the subject in general though a private profit to some of my ancient servants, who had deserved well at my hands. But the contrary being found by experience, I am exceedingly beholden to such subjects as would move the same
at first. And I am not so simple to suppose but that there be some of the Lower House whom these grievances never touched.
I think they spake out of zeal to their countries and not out of spleen or malevolent affection as being parties grieved. That my grants should be grievous to my people and oppressions to be privileged under colour of our patents, our kingly dignity shall
not suffer it. Yea, when I heard it, I could give no rest unto my thoughts until I had reformed it. Shall they, think you, escape unpunished that have oppressed you, and have been respectless of their duty and regardless our honour? No, I assure you,
Mr Speaker, were it not more for conscience' sake than for any glory or increase of love that I desire, these errors, troubles, vexations and oppressions done by these varlets and lewd persons not worthy of the name of subjects should not escape without condign punishment. But I perceive they dealt with me like physicians who, ministering a drug, make it more
acceptable by giving it a good aromatical savour, or when they give pills do gild them all over.

I have ever used to set the Last Judgement Day before mine eyes and so to rule as I shall be judged to answer before a higher judge, and now if my kingly bounties have been abused and my grants turned to the hurt of my people contrary to my will and meaning, and if any in authority under me have neglected or perverted what I have committed to them, I hope God will not lay their culps and offenses in my charge. I know the title of a King is a glorious title, but assure yourself that the shining glory of princely authority hath not so dazzled the eyes of our understanding, but that we well know and remember that we also are to yield an account of our actions before the great judge. To be a king and wear a crown is a thing more glorious to them that see
it than it is pleasant to them that bear it. For myself I was never so much enticed with the glorious name of a King or royal authority of a Queen as delighted that God hath made me his instrument to maintain his truth and glory and to defend his kingdom as I said from peril, dishonour, tyranny and oppression. There will never Queen sit in my seat with more zeal to my country, care to my subjects and that will sooner with willingness venture her life for your good and safety than myself. For it is my desire to live nor reign no longer than my life and reign shall be for your good. And though you have had, and may have, many princes more mighty and wise sitting in this seat, yet you never had nor shall have, any that will be more careful and loving.

'For I, oh Lord, what am I, whom practices and perils past should not fear? Or what can I do? That I should speak for any glory, God forbid.' And turning to the Speaker and her councilors she said, 'And I pray to you Mr Comptroller, Mr Secretary and you
of my Council, that before these gentlemen go into their countries, you bring them all to kiss my hand.'
 It has been said that those who listened to those words in person never forgot them, copies of Elizabeth's speech were
printed and delivered to all parts of her realm. 
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The Royal Derriere

28/11/2016

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​The medieval bottom is not what most of you will be thinking about this morning while you get ready for work, or are waving at your nearest and dearest as they disappear from the end of the drive, no certainly not! However, now that you have turned onto
my page it is the royal posterior that I am writing about today. 


You will be surprised to find that many a monarch has died from problems related to the royal rear end. Alfred the Great died from an inflammatory bowel disease, Eadred and Harold Harefoot, King John, Edward I, Henry V and James I all died from dysentery and King Stephen died from some stomach disorder. It is not surprising these people went this way, under cooked food, bad hygiene and contaminated water was the scourge of the time.  Poor old King George II's death in 1760 relates to the drinking of hot chocolate (although I don't quite know what that has to do with it) after which he felt the need to rush to the loo where he died form  ‘overexertion on the privy’ and in 1769 Catherine the Great went the same way, she was found collapsed on the floor of her toilet on which she suffered a stoke. 
​ ​
No doubt you'll be thinking of Edward II and his awful death at Berkeley Castle which is attributed to a red hot poker, a lot​ of nonsense of course, that was an attempt by his enemies to use his alleged sexuality to blacken his name. 


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Edmund in the early fourteenth century Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England
Another king who is said to have died in a similar way was Edmund Ironside, king of England for seven months in 1016.
​His death is also attributed to being stabbed from below whilst visiting the smallest room in the house, this again is nonsense, for a start who in their right minds is going to volunteer to prostrate themselves in the royal loo for hours just in case his king might need to spend a penny.  What is more than likely that he died from battle wounds or on the order of a Mercian earl.

Well, that's it about bottoms for today, you're all looking a bit pale, have nice cup of weak tea, you feel better in no time.
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Death of George Talbot

18/11/2016

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It was on this day in 1590 that George Talbot, the 6th Earl of Shrewsbury died.
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Talbot was the fourth husband of Bess of Hardwick and it was under their care the exiled Mary Queen of Scots lived for fifteen years.
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The time and effort involved with their high profile prisoner took its toll on Talbot's marriage, as Bess was suspicious about 
the amount of time Talbot spent with Mary and resorted to spreading rumors that he had been more than her jailer. By the
time of Mary’s execution Talbot's reputation was in tatters, his finances in ruin, and his health had deteriorated too.


By the end of 1587, Talbot was a broken man, from this time and up to his death he lived quietly at Handsworth Manor with Eleanor Britton, a servant in his household.
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George Talbot was buried in the Shrewsbury Chapel of Sheffield Cathedral, where there is a magnificent
​monument dedicated to him.
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The Trial of Sir Walter Raleigh

17/11/2016

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On the 17th November 1603, in the Great Hall at Winchester Castle, Sir Walter Raleigh stood in his own defence at his trial
​for treason. He had been accused of plotting against James I. 
​
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A man of many talents Raleigh may have been, but a lawyer was not one of them. He was unsuccessful in his case despite his calls to have Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham, the alleged leader of the plot, brought into the proceedings. Raleigh stated:

"it is strange to see how you press me still with my Lord Cobham, and yet will not produce him......he is in the house
hard by, and may soon be brought hither; let him be produced, and if he will yet accuse me or avow this confession of his,
it shall convict me and ease you of further proof."
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Raleigh was found guilty and was sentenced to death which was later reduced to life imprisonment. Raleigh spent the next
12 years in the Tower of London. It was here, in 1614, that he wrote the first volume of his History of the World, he only completed the first volume. He was later released and lead a second failed expedition to El Dorado after which he defied
the king's instructions by attacking the Spanish.
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 His death sentence was reinstated, he was executed on the 29th October 1618. Brooke was released from the Tower
at the same time, but died a broken man the following year.



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The Statute of Marlborough

17/11/2016

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When Simon de Montfort returned to England from France, he perceived Henry III to be a weak king and with the barons aching for a fight, it was de Montfort who stepped in to take charge.
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In 1258 this action culminated in the Provisions of Oxford, a law that served to limit Henry’s power. Henry’s refusal to
accept the Provisions of Westminster the following year saw Montfort’s power base grow rapidly, and by 1263 he was all
​but wearing the crown. 
​
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The following year at the Battle of Lewes, Henry, his son the future Edward I, and Richard, Duke of Cornwall were taken prisoner but another year later the tables were turned. At the Battle of Evesham, Simon de Montfort died a grisly death, but Henry's troubles were not over yet. ​
By 1267 the problems between Henry and his barons, which were based on the 1258/9 provisions, had still not settled down
and a new set of laws were needed. On the 18th or 19th of November 1267 in a Parliament at Marlborough the twenty-nine chapters, that made up the Statute of Marlborough, were passed. Of this parliament Walter of Gisborough,
 a 14th-century chronicler and ​priest from the Augustinian Priory in Yorkshire wrote:

​
“And the King held his parliament in the octave of St Martin at Marlborough, where on the advice of discreet persons
and by the unanimous voice of his great men he made many statutes for the betterment of his realm and the manifestation
​of common justice, which are called the Statutes of Marlborough.”


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In 2014, over seven hundred years after these laws were passed only two are in force, one, that bans an individual from seeking redress for nonpayment of debts without approval of the law, the second stops tenants from selling off their land.
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Birth of Edward III

16/11/2016

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King Edward III was born on the 13th November in 1312, the son of Edward II and Isabella of France. At the age of seventeen, he would go on to lead a coup against his mother and her lover Roger Mortimer.
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​​Later on in his life, Edward’s claim to the French throne would start the Hundred Years’ War, and his armies would destroy the French at the battles of Crecy and Poitiers.
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Edward III ruled for just over 50 years, one of only six English monarchs to do so, the French chronicler Jean Froissant wrote of Edward:
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King Cnut

15/11/2016

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At last I've sat down to continue working on my family history and have taken a virtual trip all the way back to 1031.
Travelling one thousand and seventy-one years in an afternoon is hard work, so I may have to stop after writing this as I
am a tad thirsty, King Cnut never once offered me a cup of tea, can you believe that?
​

King Cnut's Danish bottom sat on the throne of England from 1018 until 1035 and is famous for (the king not his bottom) his eccentricity of trying to order the tide around as he sat soaking his feet in the sea! Anyway, while researching England
during his reign I came across another interesting piece of information on this 11th century king in
The Comic History of England.
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"Canute began by being a Bad King on the advice of his Courtiers who informed him (owing to a misunderstanding of the
Rule Britannia) that the King of England was entitled to sit on the sea without getting wet. But finding that they were wrong
he gave up this policy and decided to take his own advice in future - thus originating the memorable proverb, 
​"Paddle your own Canute" "
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Cornish Saints

12/11/2016

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"There are more saints in Cornwall than in all of heaven" 
So says the Cornish proverb.
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In the so called Dark Ages, Celtic missionaries began arriving en masse on the shores of Cornwall and nearly all these 
men and women established a small cell, where they lived a quiet and spiritual existence.
These cells were often places where there was an existing well, a spring or some kind of natural monument, later of course larger monuments were erected in their names in the form of a church.
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Parish Church of St Mawgan
Three villages that are important to me are named after saints, they are St Columb, St Mawgan and St Evel, others like
St Ives, St Mawes and St Just in Roseland you may have heard of already. These, and other little Cornish villages are
named after fifth/six century saints, many of whom were never officially granted their saintly status by the church.

Myths and legends associated with these saints feature highly in the Cornish culture. Many, like St Columba's story,
involve water. Columba was chased by her pursuers from her landing place at Porth and was beheaded at Ruthvoes, her
blood running into the nearby streams at Retalion and Treloy. St Mawgan preached from a tiny well that is still visible
in the grounds of the parish church.
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St Mawgan's Holy Well
St Mawgan's church which stands in the Lanherne valley, is one of over 200 beautiful Cornish churches scattered around
​the county. All have magnificent interiors, beautiful wood carvings and brasses of the ancient families that once frequented these buildings, and all owe their existence to these ancient saints.
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The Battlefield

11/11/2016

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This blog is in memory of Edward James Cronin who died at just 19 in France, and all those
who died in the act of war.


51696, 2nd Bn. Wellington Regiment, N.Z.E.F. 
who died on 03rd April 1918 Age 19 
of 56 Malmesbury Terrace, Canning Town, London, England.
​

Remembered with Honour
The land on which the British cemeteries and official memorials are situated was given by the French government for those soldiers buried or named there to remain in perpetuity. My great great uncle, Edward James Cronin is one of them, he is
buried at the Sucrerie Military Cemetery.
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A Soldier’s Cemetery by John William Streets
​
Behind that long and lonely trenched line
To which men come and go, where brave men die,
There is a yet unmarked and unknown shrine,
A broken plot, a soldier’s cemetery.

There lie the flower of youth, the men who scorn’d
To live (so died) when languished Liberty:
Across their graves flowerless and unadorned
Still scream the shells of each artillery.

When war shall cease this lonely unknown spot
Of many a pilgrimage will be the end,
And flowers will shine in this now barren plot
And fame upon it through the years descend:
But many a heart upon each simple cross
Will hang the grief, the memory of its loss.
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    After ten years in the workplace I became a mother to three very beautiful daughters, I was fortunate enough to have been able to stay at home and spend my time with them as they grew into the young women they are now. I am still in the position of being able to be at home and pursue all the interests I have previously mentioned. We live in a beautiful Victorian spa town with wooded walks for the dog, lovely shops and a host of lovely people, what more could I ask for.

    All works © Andrea Povey 2014. Please do not reproduce without the expressed written consent of Andrea Povey.

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