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Battling the Vikings: January 871

4/1/2018

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​In the January of 871, three battles took place between the forces of King Ethelred against an invading Viking army, the first on this day, was outside the Berkshire town of Reading.
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Vikings Arrive by Chris Collingwood
King Ethelred had ascended the throne of England on the death of his brother Ethelbert in 865, that was the same year that the men of the north arrived on our countries shores. Within five years the Vikings had defeated the forces of the king of Mercia and were making their way to Ethelred's Wessex.

It was on the 4th of January that Ethelred took on the enemy at the Battle of Reading. This battle ended with defeat for Ethelred's army enabling the Vikings to take the town which they used as their base.

Within days they continued their advance into Wessex and by the 8th of January, the two forces battled on the Berkshire Downs just the south-west of Ashbury village. Ethelred's scattered army had reformed, and he had placed his forces in two units, one under his command the other under his brother Alfred on either side of a ridge. A delay on Ethelred's part to order a charge forced Alfred to make his attack, Ethelred followed, eventually, the Viking army was defeated.

The final battle in January took place at Basing on the 22nd where Ethelred's army was once again defeated but there were heavy losses to both sides. Exactly two months later on the 22nd of March at Marton, the forces of the Anglo-Saxon's and the Danish army met again at a site that has never been confirmed (up to five sites have been suggested) that was another loss for Ethelred. In the April King Ethelred is thought to have died from wounds inflicted at Marton. Taking up Ethelred's sword against the Vikings would be Alfred named the Great, who according to English historian Edward Freeman was

                                                                       "the most perfect character in history’
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Alfred the Great

16/5/2016

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I wonder how many people remember the story of Alfred burning the cakes from school? It was Rudyard Kipling who said “If history were taught in the form of stories, it would never be forgotten” and how right was he.

The retelling of the tale of Alfred's stint in a Somerset kitchen has kept him alive in our collective memories for over one thousand and nine hundred years. Alfred was, as Edward Freeman, English historian calls him "the most perfect character in history’  Alfred is an English hero, who in my opinion, is a match for Henry V and outshines Richard I by miles.

England had been over run by the dreaded Vikings, they had taken Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia, only Alfred's
Wessex was left. Alfred's battle at Edington in 879, fought on the side of a double ditched iron age hill fort, against an uncoordinated band of Vikings under its leader Guthrum, is not often remembered. Forgotten too is that he persuaded
Guthrum to convert to Christianity. Alfred's control of these marauding Vikings paved the way for the future unity of England.

As time as passed, Alfred's popularity has waxed and waned. Over the centuries he has had to do battle with the cult of
King Arthur, whose was much loved by the Tudor King Henry VII and the Victorians. Alfred was popular during the French Wars, the opera Alfred, by Thomas Arne is about him. The opera famously ended in Rule Britannia, which isexactly what Alfred did.
​
Alfred the Great is not remembered for anything specific, he is remembered for his fairness and his military achievements, great achievements that lead to a kingdom being able to develop it own national identity.

 King Alfred the Great died on the 26th October 899, at the age of about 50.
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What is in your head when you think about the  Vikings?

26/5/2015

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And what did they do for us?​

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I know I always think of Kirk Douglas in the 1958 film The Vikings or I see them  as warriors, raiding foreign lands in the fur boots and horned helmets. In fact they were a lot more than that, they were the first Europeans to reach America. 
Leif Erikssonson, son of Erik the Red, who had been exiled from Iceland, landed on the coast of America around four hundred before Columbus. ​
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http://meanderingthroughtime.weebly.com/history-blog/who-discovered-america

The Vikings were a fearless group of warriors, sailing the oceans in their magnificent Long/Dragon ships.


These vessels were very fast and allowed a quick attack and fast escape, could be recognized by their square sail and the dragons head on the bow which was to protect against the evil spirits of the sea. 

It has been said that without these great ships the Viking Age would never had happened. 
​
The planks on the ships hulls were constructed out of the wood of the oak tree and were held together with string made from wool that had been dipped in tar to prevent leaks. They were made to be able to sail in shallow water, which meant that they could travel up rivers as well as across the sea and these ships could be hauled up on a beach and as previously mentioned enabling the men to be out of the vessel and quickly into the fray.
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No doubt these men were brutal and savage, their name was enough to frighten the people of the lands they were invading. It is in the  Anglo Saxon poem, The Battle of Maldon, that the word Wincing was used to mean a Scandinavian sea raider, giving rise to the word Viking. 

Originally these people farmed and fished and spent much of their time in their own country, it was only in the summer that they ventured across the sea to trade and seek out new lands. However, the year 793 saw the start of the Viking migration from Scandinavia, these men from the north first raided in Britain at Lindisfarne, a small holy island located off the northeast coast of England. Many of the monks were drowned, others killed and the monasteries treasures taken. The following years their raids increased, by 866 they arrived in what they called Jorvik, our city of York, they followed this by attacking hundreds of villages and towns across the whole of the country.

How we perceive the Vikings has much to do with the Victorians, in this era the Norse man was popular, he was much written about, looked at and listened to, men such as  
Sir Walter Scott, William Morris, Edward Elgar and Rudyard Kipling were all Viking enthusiasts.

So what did the Vikings do for us?"
Well, they founded Normandy, therefore you could claim that they invaded us twice!  
​
They gave us the cities of Nottingham, Derby and York.

​They left behind their their language and place names, especially in the north of England.
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Any place name that ends in Thorpe or By means it was once was a Viking settlement and one in thirty three men can claim to be direct descendants from the Norse warriors, that's around 930,000 descendants.

Funnily enough, they never left us those horned helmets, do you know why?

​Because they 
never wore them!








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Sweyn Forkbeard and the Lincolnshire town of Gainsborough

2/2/2015

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The 3rd of February 1014 was the last day of the reign of Sweyn Forkbeard, he holds the title of England's shortest reigning King. 

On Christmas Day 1013 Forkbeard was declared king of England, and it was in our Lincolnshire town of Gainsborough that became his capital. It was here that he began to organise his new kingdom, but died this day one thousand and one years ago, having ruled England for only forty days. With the support of his son Cnut, he waged war on the English people. 
He is said to have been a brutal man, burning people alive and impaling them on lances. Historian Darron Childs says of Forkbeard brutality

     "It is perhaps one of the reasons why he has been largely forgotten. It's hard to make a big thing of someone so                                                               bad. It's a difficult thing to try and overcome." 

It is more than likely that the main reason this man is forgotten is because of lack of evidence. 

There is one fortification in Gainsborough, on the site of what is now the Old Hall, that is thought to have been where Forkbeard made his centre of his operations. Mr Child's believes that Gainsborough could have been where Forkbeard's son, Cnut, attempted to hold back the waves, not on the coast like we all imagine but at the Trent Aegir, a tidal bore, which takes its name from the Viking God of the Sea. 

After Forkbeard's death his embalmed body was returned to Denmark and the council of England sent for the deposed Aethelred to return as king. He arrived in the spring of 1014 and drove Cnut out of England. 
​

Cnut soon returned to became King of England in 1016.
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    After ten years in the workplace I became a mother to three very beautiful daughters, I was fortunate enough to have been able to stay at home and spend my time with them as they grew into the young women they are now. I am still in the position of being able to be at home and pursue all the interests I have previously mentioned. We live in a beautiful Victorian spa town with wooded walks for the dog, lovely shops and a host of lovely people, what more could I ask for.

    All works © Andrea Povey 2014. Please do not reproduce without the expressed written consent of Andrea Povey.

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