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Anne Askew, Lincolnshire Born Protestant Martyr.

16/7/2016

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Anne Askew was just twenty five when she was executed for her beliefs on the 16th July 1546.
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​Anne was born Anne Ayscough in Stallingborough, a village just south of Immingham in Lincolnshire in 1521, the daughter William Ayscough, a wealthy land owner, who was one of the jurors in the trial of those accused along side Anne Boleyn. 

Anne grew up to be a strong willed, highly intelligent woman who refused to take her husband's name of Kyme on their marriage, which is seems was an unhappy one.

In 1544, Anne was forcibly evicted from the family home by her husband. A year later she was distributing bibles and preaching Protestantism in London. No doubt highly vocal, she eventually was arrested on charges of heresy. Anne was released, but soon found herself arrested once more, this time she was committed to Newgate Prison. From Newgate, Anne was taken to the Tower of London, where she is tortured on the rack but she refused to name anyone and therefore condemned to death.

​The treatment of her within the tower walls was nothing less than barbaric, it left her unable to walk and on the 16th July, she had to be carried to her execution on a chair.

Anne Ayscough remained defiant as she was burned at the stake at Smithfield, just outside the cities wall. 

The following is an excerpt about Anne's death from John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
"The day of her execution being appointed, she was brought into Smithfield in a chair, because she could not go on her feet, by means of her great torments. When she was brought unto the stake, she was tied by the middle with a chain, that held
​up her body. When all things were thus prepared to the fire, Dr. Shaxton, who was then appointed to preach, began his sermon. Anne Askew, hearing and answering again unto him, where he said well, confirmed the same; where he said amiss, “There,” said she, “he misseth, and speaketh without the book.”

The sermon being finished, the martyrs, standing there tied at three several stakes ready to their martyrdom, began their prayers. The multitude and concourse of the people was exceeding; the place where they stood being railed about to keep out the press. Upon the bench under St. Bartholomew’s church sat Wriothesley, Chancellor of England; the old Duke of Norfolk, the old Earl of Bedford, the Lord Mayor, with divers others. Before the fire should be set unto them, one of the bench, hearing that they had gunpowder about them, and being alarmed lest the faggots, by strength of the gunpowder, would come flying about their ears, began to be afraid: but the Earl of Bedford, declaring unto him how the gunpowder was not laid under the faggots, but only about their bodies, to rid them out of their pain, which having vent, there was no danger to them of the faggots, so diminished that fear.

Then Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, sent to Anne Askew letters, offering to her the king’s pardon if she would recant; who, refusing once to look upon them, made this answer again, that she came not thither to deny her Lord and Master. Then were the letters likewise offered unto the others, who, in like manner, following the constancy of the woman, denied not only to receive them, but also to look upon them. Whereupon the lord mayor, commanding fire to be put unto them, cried with a loud voice, “Fiat Justitia.”

And thus the good Anne Askew, with these blessed martyrs, being troubled so many manner of ways, and having passed through so many torments, having now ended the long course of her agonies, being compassed in with flames of fire, as a blessed sacrifice unto God, she slept in the Lord A.D. 1546, leaving behind her a singular example of Christian constancy for all men to follow."
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Elizabeth Barton:  Saint or Deluded Heretic? 

12/2/2015

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​When I look at the two images below I see a vulnerable young woman at the mercy of those who wish to further their own ends.
​

This poor girl is Elizabeth Barton, Maid of Kent.
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It is difficult to believe that a naive nineteen year old country girl was a threat to Henry VIII alone isn't it? 

We have to ask ourselves, was she used to further the purposes of others? 
​
It was probably Edward Bocking who first saw Elizabeth 'potential' as a weapon against Protestantism suggesting that she enter a convent, a place where he knew her visions would intensify. Then there's Fisher and More, did they believe in her or was she used by them to intimidate the king. Cromwell and Cranmer also used her as a means to an end.

Whilst lying in her sick bed, Elizabeth Barton had a vision telling her that it was the will of God that King Henry VIII should not marry Ann Boleyn. It was 1525, Elizabeth was nineteen years old and a servant in the small village of Aldington in Kent. She had been ill, and it was during this time that she was said to fall in and out of a trance like state. Her local priest who was convinced that her visions were genuine, informed William Warham, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who sent a three clergy, including Edward Bocking to examine her. 

When Elizabeth's suddenly recovered her health after a prediction that the Virgin Mary would cure her, she began a journey that would ultimately end her life.
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Elizabeth was sent into the Convent of St. Sepulchre in Canterbury where she later became a nun. Over the following ten years her visions increased, she was also becoming increasingly vocal, she had written to the pope and been interviewed by the most eminent men at court including Bishop John Fisher and Cardinal Wolsey, even the king himself was said to have spoken to her. By 1533 Elizabeth's reputation as an opponent of Henry's divorce had grown, so much so that both Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer took her seriously. By 1534 she was becoming a real threat and Elizabeth was arrested along with those who had first seen her in 1525. Many of her followers and both Fisher and More were also arrested. ​
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This document lists charges against Elizabeth Barton (SP 1/80, f.118) National Archives
During her incarceration, Elizabeth admitted to have lied about her visions, but this was only made under torture. After a trial, Elizabeth, thirteen of her followers, Bocking, and the parish priest plus the two clergy were sentenced to death, More managed to escape any form of punishment and Fisher was imprisoned. 

Elizabeth Barton was beheaded at Tyburn on the 20th April, 1534 . Her head was put on a spike on London Bridge, she was the first woman in history to be degraded in this way.

She is buried at Greyfriars.

Of Elizabeth herself, she was a young girl with no education, a sincere, faithful innocent. She believed in her visions but at the hands of the unscrupulous became a deluded hysteric.



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    After ten years in the workplace I became a mother to three very beautiful daughters, I was fortunate enough to have been able to stay at home and spend my time with them as they grew into the young women they are now. I am still in the position of being able to be at home and pursue all the interests I have previously mentioned. We live in a beautiful Victorian spa town with wooded walks for the dog, lovely shops and a host of lovely people, what more could I ask for.

    All works © Andrea Povey 2014. Please do not reproduce without the expressed written consent of Andrea Povey.

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