Category: Women - Meandering Through Time

Georgina Era: The Coffee House

5/6/2022

The Georgian era was an age of expansion, an age of inventions that brought changes in agriculture, textiles and in mining. It was also a time when coffee became a big thing. Coffee houses, an 17th century equivalent of Costa Coffee and Starbucks, were extremely popular.

I imagine these modern day cafes have writers, artists and scientists among their clientele, all chatting over their steaming coffees and slices of walnut cake, London Coffee houses had much the same. Frequenting these houses were the who's who of the day, Samuel Pepys, Alexander Pope and Isaac Newton. However, unlike today women were not found in these establishments.

Women took up the banner against the consumption of this drink in their Women’s Petition Against Coffee, in which it was claimed that the 'old tar turned men into effeminate, babbling, French layabouts.'

Pasque Rosee, a servant to a London merchant opened the first coffee house in London as a side line in 1652, he claimed in The Virtue of Coffee that it was 'the grain or berry called coffee that groweth upon little trees, only in the Deserts of Arabia' others likened to “syrup of soot and the essence of old shoes.”

I have to agree on that point.

Despite that, the taste for coffee hasn't lessened, in fact you cannot walk down the high street without seeing some one clutching a plastic coffee cup.

Give me tea in a china cup and saucer any day.

Tudor Women: Jane Dormer

13/1/2020

On this day in 1612 the death of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria. Jane was a long time friend of Queen Mary I.

Jane's family were not strangers in the royal court, her maternal grandfather William Sidney had been a tutor to Edward VI and her father William Dormer had been in the service of Thomas Cromwell.

On the death of her mother, Jane was cared for by her paternal grandmother, also named Jane. It was from her home that Jane was sent to be a member of the household of Princess Mary to whom she would become a lady in waiting. Loyal to the queen until her death, Jane was at Mary's bedside when she died in 1558 and it was into her hands that Mary placed her jewellery to be passed to her sister Elizabeth.

Considered a beauty, Jane was courted by a number of English nobles, but after Mary's death, she married Gomez Suarez de Figueroa of Cordova, the Duke of Feria who had accompanied Philip of Spain when he arrived in England to marry Mary. However, following Mary's death and the accession to the throne of Elizabeth, the duke was replaced as an ambassador and the couple left for Spain.

In 1609 the seventy-one-year-old duchess broke her arm and over the next few years her health slowly deteriorated. Anticipating death Jane Dormer wore a death's head, a terminal bead attached to her rosary and ordered a coffin to be made which she kept in the house. She was buried at the monastery of Santa Clara in Zafra in Spain twelve days following her death.

The Murder of King James I of Scotland

20/2/2019

It was late in the evening of the 20th February in 1437 that James I of Scotland met his death at Blackfriar's Church in Perth, Scotland.

The bolt on the inside of the king's bedchamber door had been purposely removed leaving it easy for the assassins to force their way in. On hearing a noise outside, James was quick to realise that his life was in danger, he hoped to make his way to safety through a small tunnel that led to the cellar. While James was making his escape it is said that Catherine Douglas, lady in waiting to Jame's queen Joan Beaufort, rushed to the bedchamber door and placed her arm across the door to prevent the murderers making their entrance. However, the door was easily forced and this broke Catherine's arm.

The king crawled along the tunnel but his exit was blocked. Unable to escape he waited in silence until he thought the danger was over and then called out, but the men were still in the room, two of his assassins crawled in and attacked him with knives, the third coming in later finish him off.

James died from sixteen stab wounds, his hands torn to ribbons defending himself from his enemies blades.

James's killers, Walter and Thomas Stewart where related to the king through Robert II of Scotland, and Robert and Thomas Graham were wealth landowners. They all managed to escape, but were soon found and all died horribly gruesome deaths in ways that don't bear thinking about.

Walter Stewart and Robert Graham had problems with James's rule that were numerous and complicated. They did conspire and act against the king in what appears to be a frenzied attack. However, I do realise these were hard and different times, but the way these men were dealt with was simply barbaric.

The Bloody Assizes

25/2/2017

On the 19th August in 1685, trials began in Winchester that have come to be known as the Bloody Assizes.

On trial were over one thousand men - rebels who took part in the Monmouth Rebellion. Nearly all would die the horrible death by hanging, disembowelling and quartering, others were transported to the West Indies.

The judges were Sir Henry Pollexfen, Sir Creswell Levinz, Sir Francis Wythens, Sir Robert Wright and Sir William Montague and at their head, Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys.

Judge Jeffreys was a hard, bitter and vengeful man, who Gilbert Burnet in his History of My Own Time writes of Jeffrey.

"His behaviour was beyond anything that was ever heard of in a civilized nation. He was perpetually either drunk or in a rage, liker a fury that the zeal of a judge. He required the prisoners to plead guilty. And in that case he gave them some hope of favour, if they gave him no trouble; otherwise he told them, he would execute the letter of the law upon them in its utmost severity."

Whether you were old and female made no difference as Lady Alice Lisle would find out to her cost.

meanderingthroughtime.weebly.com/history-blog/category/battle-of-sedgemoor

Lady Alice Lisle

2/9/2016

Just two weeks after the Battle of Sedgemoor, Lady Alice Lisle, whose husband had played an important part in the
execution of Charles I, gave shelter to Richard Nelthorpe and John Hicks, two supporters of the Duke of Monmouth
at her home of Moyles Court in Hampshire.

The following day Nelthorpe and Hicks were discovered and arrested as was Alice Lisle.

Alice was charged with harbouring traitors and sentenced to death by Judge Jeffrey's, the notorious 'Hanging Judge.'
Jeffrey, who has gone down in history as a hard, bitter and vengeful man, replied when he was questioned about Alice's sentence, that he would have found her guilty

"even if she had been my own mother"

A hard man indeed. Alice was sentenced to be burnt at the stake, however because of her rank James II ordered it changed to beheading, she was executed on the 2nd September 1685, she was 78 years old.

Catherine of Aragon at Blackfriars

20/6/2016

On the 21st June 1529, Catherine of Aragon, appeared in front of Cardinal Wolsey and Cardinal Campeggio at the court at Blackfriars.

“Sir, I beseech you for all the love that hath been between us, and for the love of God, let me have justice. Take of me some pity and compassion, for I am a poor woman, and a stranger born out of your dominion. I have here no assured friends, and much less impartial counsel…

Alas! Sir, wherein have I offended you, or what occasion of displeasure have I deserved?… I have been to you a true, humble and obedient wife, ever comfortable to your will and pleasure, that never said or did any thing to the contrary thereof, being always well pleased and contented with all things wherein you had any delight or dalliance, whether it were in little or much. I never grudged in word or countenance, or showed a visage or spark of discontent. I loved all those whom ye loved, only for your sake, whether I had cause or no, and whether they were my friends or enemies. This twenty years or more I have been your true wife and by me ye have had divers children, although it hath pleased God to call them out of this world, which hath been no default in me…

When ye had me at first, I take God to my judge, I was a true maid, without touch of man. And whether it be true or no, I put it to your conscience. If there be any just cause by the law that ye can allege against me either of dishonesty or any other impediment to banish and put me from you, I am well content to depart to my great shame and dishonour. And if there be none, then here, I most lowly beseech you, let me remain in my former estate… Therefore, I most humbly require you, in the way of charity and for the love of God – who is the just judge – to spare me the extremity of this new court, until I may be advised what way and order my friends in Spain will advise me to take. And if ye will not extend to me so much impartial favour, your pleasure then be fulfilled, and to God I commit my cause!”

Catherine was renowned for her strength of character and virtue, abandoning Catherine was Henry VIII's
first big mistake.

Uta of Naumburg

13/3/2016

'The Most Beautiful Woman of the German Middle Ages'

Not so long ago I came across this beautiful face and I thought

"This is probably the prettiest face I have ever seen carved in stone."

So taken by her was I, that I was eager to find out who exactly she was. Eventually I found out that she was Uta of Naumburg.
I then looked up the word beauty in the dictionary and one definition was

"a form that pleases the aesthetic senses, esp. the sight."

Didn't the master craftsman who created this image of Uta get that right.

Uta of Naumburg was probably born around the turn of the 10th century, she was the daughter of Count Adalbert of Ballenstedt and his wife Hidda, daughter of Hodo I. She was a member of the House of Ascanisan, whose lands covered what today is Saxony and Brandenburg. Her ancestors, the Ascanians, name derives from a medieval Latin variant of the name Castle Aschersleben, which was a hilltop castle in Wolfsberg Germany.

Uta had married Ekkehard II of Messen, a nobleman in the court of Henry III the Holy Roman Emperor who reigned from 1046 to 1056. Ekkehard was responsible for securing the German boarder against attacks from Poland andBohemia. Uta's marriage was childless, on their deaths the couple left their estates to Henry III and their great wealth to Naumburg Cathedral in order to help with the construction of a chapel. Uta and her husband are two of twelve nobles who were the founders of the cathedral and in the 13th century, twelve life sized 'donor portraits' were placed on pillars at one end of the cathedral in their honour.

Uta died sometime before 1046.

Many people over the centuries have noticed Uta's beauty, the late Umberto Eco was asked what woman from European
art he would most like to spend the evening, he answered:

“In first place, ahead of all others, with Uta von Naumburg.”

Walt Disney also was taken with her beauty, look closely at this image of Uta, look first at her face and her clothing see how her collar is raised, and how one hand is supporting a fold in her cloak. Doe's she remind you of any one?

Disney used Uta's face in his 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, he took her face, her crown and cloak and used them to create two characters. He changed Uta's face slightly to give us the evil, yet stunning medieval enchantresses, that is the wicked stepmother, and he used her sweet innocent look to create Snow White herself.

Uta is said to be the 'most beautiful woman of the German Middle Ages'

Eight centuries ago a stone mason captured Uta's beauty and carved it in limestone for all to see, today there have been numerous photographs taken of her, her image appears in art books and magazines, on postcards and calendars.

Thomasine Blight, the White Witch of Helston

27/8/2015

Stories of witches and ghosts stem from the Celts believing that evil spirits came with the long hours of winter darkness, it
is at the end of October, All Hallows Eve, that these people believed the barriers between our world and the spirit world
were at their weakest and therefore spirits were most likely to be seen on earth, they built bonfires to frighten the spirits
away and feasted and danced around fires.

Cornwall has always had its tales of the supernatural, local legends of standing stones and other landscape features
suggest a history of witches, ghosts and goblins attending night meetings and after all Cornwall is the home of the
Museum of Witchcraft. In the first half of the ninetieth century our county also had its very own witch, her name was Thomasine Blight and she went by the name the White Witch of Helston. She was born Thomasine Williams in Gwennap,
near Redruth in 1793.

It is more than likely that Thomasine first applied her trade in the market town of Redruth where she would take spells
off of cursed livestock, cure the sick, remove the curses of black witches and place her own curses on those who
displeased her. Blight's husband, James Thomas, was said to possess similar powers and for a while they had a
successful partnership but there was an indiscretion on his part and he was forced to flee, no doubt with Thomasine
cursing him all the way!

In reality, Blight was probably an independent and resourceful woman who saw through superstition but used it to
her advantage.

Thomasine died the year painting below was completed, it has been said that as she lay on her death bed, people were
carried to her on stretchers and placed beside her and with one incantation they were said to have risen up and left
perfectly cured.

This wonderful painting by if Helston's White Witch is William Jones Chapman, a travelling portrait /sport painter,
and is held in the Royal Institution of Cornwall.

Medieval Women

25/8/2015

At the re enactment of the Battle of Bosworth this weekend, I attended a talk given by author Amy Licence, which I thoroughly enjoyed. Amy spoke of the role of the queen in the medieval period, and how society viewed them, how men viewed them and how they are often placed into different categories.

Here we can see Amy talking with Philippa Gregory before her talk.

I certainly agree with what Amy said. I have found that women are, more often than not, depicted as either a virgin or a whore, but these medieval women had far more to them. It seems that prostitutes were more widely accepted in medieval times and nuns weren't always as saintly as we are lead to believe.

In between the two categories can be found very strong women, the other queens Amy didn't have time to mention, Matilda, daughter of Henry I and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor, for instance went on Crusade where she led an army of ladies dressed in armour and Isabella of France who took up arms against the weak rule of her husband Edward II, scholars such as Felicie de Almania who spoke of the need of women doctors to treat women patients and who continued to practice medicine without a licence.

I was going to ask Amy, about Catherine of Valois, but couldn't pluck up the courage, and her alleged 'affair' with Edmund Beaufort and if she thought that Edmund Tudor might be his child? Catherine is often referred to as rather amorous or 'over sexed,' a derogatory term often thrown at women, which, it seems, is okay behaviour if you're a male!

One of the saddest things I've read about Catherine was written by Samuel Pepys in his diary in 1660.

‘by perticular favour’ took Catherine's body into his hands and planted a kiss on her mouth, ‘reflecting upon it that I did kiss a Queen, and that this was my birthday’

Sadly, Catherine's remains were still left unburied and available to view at Westminster until 1793! It was not until the late 19th century that it was removed to Henry V's chantry.

How awful is that?

The image above is Catherine of Valois's funeral effigy.

Amy's website is linked here http://amylicence.weebly.com/

Margaret Roper, Daughter of Thomas More

13/6/2015

Margaret Roper was born in October 1505 and grew up to be a highly intelligent, well educated and knowledgeable woman, this was due as much to her willingness to learn as it was her father educating her to a standard very rare for a girl of this time. She studied Latin and Greek and read astronomy, philosophy, theology, geometry, and arithmetic.

Affectionately called Meg by her father, she was the favourite of all his children, he carried letters from her when he travelled, proudly reading them out loud to his friends. She had married in 1521 and lived in her fathers house with her husband William Roper, whose interest in the teaching of Martin Luther, caused friction within the household. When Margaret's became pregnant, More said

'if it be a girl' then it should make up for the inferiority of her sex by her zeal to imitate her mother's virtue and learning’.

Twelve years later Thomas More was arrested for his refusal to support the King's annulment and take the Oath of Supremacy, being found guilty the date of his execution was set for the 6 July 1535. Margaret was allowed to visit him whilst he was in the tower, but no one really knows what was said between the two of them.
Margaret's husband, who wrote a biography of More ten years after the her death, never mentions any dialogue between father and daughter during his time in the Tower of London.

Margaret struggled with her feelings whilst More was incarcerated and is said to have 'pushed through the crowd and the guard, embraced her father, and asked his blessing.' whilst he walked to the scaffold.

Charles Landseer's 1839 painting depicts the story, that is often repeated, of how Margaret retrieved More's head from a spike on London Bridge and kept it until the day she died.

Margaret lasted only nine years without her father, dying in 1544.

Margaret Roper work such as The Four Last Thynges and her 1523 translations of Erasmus's works are lost, only a few of her letters remain.